對於 category 來說，一般而言都是由系統手動去增減，否則過多的 category 會造成不必要的麻煩 ( 個人私自認為 hashtag 就是一個例子，有非常多的 hashtag 其實用處不大 )，不過在這次主題中，我會隨機仿造幾個 category，而 database seeding 可以幫我們完成這件事，不過此次鐵人賽的主題不在測試這一塊，因此不會太過深入探討此部份。

Factory

User

在新增 Laravel 專案後，已經預設存在 UserFactory，檔案位置以及程式碼如下：

*database/factories/UserFactory.php

<?php

/** @var \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factory $factory */
use App\User;
use Faker\Generator as Faker;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Model Factories
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| This directory should contain each of the model factory definitions for
| your application. Factories provide a convenient way to generate new
| model instances for testing / seeding your application's database.
|
*/

$factory->define(User::class, function (Faker $faker) {
    return [
        'name' => $faker->name,
        'email' => $faker->unique()->safeEmail,
        'email_verified_at' => now(),
        'password' => '$2y$10$92IXUNpkjO0rOQ5byMi.Ye4oKoEa3Ro9llC/.og/at2.uheWG/igi', // password
        'remember_token' => Str::random(10),
    ];
});

當然此處我們會依據自己定義的 user table 做修改

修改後的情形如下：

*UserFactory.php

<?php

/** @var \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factory $factory */
use App\User;
use Faker\Generator as Faker;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Model Factories
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| This directory should contain each of the model factory definitions for
| your application. Factories provide a convenient way to generate new
| model instances for testing / seeding your application's database.
|
*/

$factory->define(User::class, function (Faker $faker) {
    return [
        'name' => $faker->name,
        'email' => $faker->unique()->safeEmail,
        // 'email_verified_at' => now(),
        'password' => '$2y$10$92IXUNpkjO0rOQ5byMi.Ye4oKoEa3Ro9llC/.og/at2.uheWG/igi', // password
        // 'remember_token' => Str::random(10),
        'is_admin' => false,
        'api_token' => Str::random(60),
    ];
});

Category

• 建立 factory

  factory 定義資料該如何偽造

  $ php artisan make:factory CategoryFactory
  

  檔案位置與程式碼如下：

  *database/factories/CategoryFactory.php

  <?php
  
  /** @var \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factory $factory */
  
  use App\Model;
  use Faker\Generator as Faker;
  
  $factory->define(Model::class, function (Faker $faker) {
      return [
          //
      ];
  });
  

  或者也可以定義所屬的 Model

  $ php artisan make:factory CategoryFactory --model=Category
  

  檔案位置與程式碼如下：

  *database/factories/CategoryFactory.php

  <?php
  
  /** @var \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factory $factory */
  
  use App\Category;
  use Faker\Generator as Faker;
  
  $factory->define(Category::class, function (Faker $faker) {
      return [
          //
      ];
  });
  

• 定義 factory

  Category 只要偽造 name 就行了，至於偽造是來自於 Faker 這個 class，若要看詳細的文件可以參考 github

  'name' => $faker->name
  

  或者是隨機生成一個字串也行

  // 記得 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
  'name' => Str::random(10)
  

  完整程式碼：
  *CategoryFactory.php

  <?php
  
  /** @var \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factory $factory */
  
  use App\Category;
  use Faker\Generator as Faker;
  
  $factory->define(Category::class, function (Faker $faker) {
      return [
          'name' => $faker->name
      ];
  });
  

Seeder

User

• 建立 seeder

$ php artisan make:seeder UsersTableSeeder

而其檔案位置以及程式碼如下：

*database/seeds/UsersTableSeeder.php

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;

class UsersTableSeeder extends Seeder
{
    /**
     * Run the database seeds.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function run()
    {
        //
    }
}

• 定義 seeder

此處會根據剛剛的 factory 生成假資料，除此之外，假資料的數量可以在此設定

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;

class UsersTableSeeder extends Seeder
{
    /**
     * Run the database seeds.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function run()
    {
        factory(App\User::class, 10)->create();
    }
}

• 註冊 seeder

  註冊的地方如下 ( 正好可以將註解掉的部份取消 )：

  *database/seeds/DatabaseSeeder.php

  <?php
  
  use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
  
  class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
  {
      /**
       * Seed the application's database.
       *
       * @return void
       */
      public function run()
      {
          $this->call(UsersTableSeeder::class);
      }
  }
  

Category

• 建立 seeder

  $ php artisan make:seeder CategoriesTableSeeder
  

• 定義 seeder

  *CategoriesTableSeeder.php

  <?php
  
  use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
  
  class CategoriesTableSeeder extends Seeder
  {
      /**
       * Run the database seeds.
       *
       * @return void
       */
      public function run()
      {
          factory(App\Category::class, 10)->create();
      }
  }
  

• 註冊 seeder

  *DatabaseSeeder.php

  <?php
  
  use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
  
  class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
  {
      /**
       * Seed the application's database.
       *
       * @return void
       */
      public function run()
      {
          $this->call(UsersTableSeeder::class);
          $this->call(CategoriesTableSeeder::class);
      }
  }
  

Seeding

factory 和 seeder 設定完成後，首先先進行 autoload 的動作

$ composer dump-autoload

之後進行以下指令就可以生成自己的假資料

$ php artisan db:seed

透過 mysql 查看 database

• users table

• categories table

生完假資料後，接下來我們重新處理 post 的部份，也就是為其添加 categories。

參考資料：

1. Database seeding : https://laravel.com/docs/6.x/seeding
2. Database faker : https://github.com/fzaninotto/Faker